The mystery of the first ancient civilization

It was not until 2012 that archaeologists explained the cause of the collapse of the Indus civilization - one of the first major cities in the world. Archaeologists believe that climate change has eradicated the Indus civilization, which flourished more than four thousand years ago.

Civilization disappeared because of climate change

Indus civilization is one of the first major urban cultures in the world , covering all Egypt and Mesopotamia. This empire spread over more than a million square kilometers, stretching from the Arabian Sea to the Ganges, corresponding to the region of northwestern India, eastern Afghanistan and Pakistan today.

The Indus civilization was forgotten until the ruins were unearthed in 1920. Since then, a series of studies have discovered a complex urban culture with internal commercial routes. establish. Archaeologists also explored construction works, environmental sanitation, art, science, and writing systems, associated with civilization. The international team took more than five years to combine satellite images and geological data to create a digital topographic map of the entire area that the Indus civilization once existed.

"We have recreated the landscape of the delta region, where Indus civilization grew about 5,200 years ago, but slowly disappeared in the period of 3,000 to 3,900 years ago. a lot of speculation about the connection between the Indus civilization and the rivers that gives abundance to the land, where people of that time lived, " archaeologist Liviu Giosan of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution ( USA), said the research leader.

According to research results, rivers bring life to the Indus civilization, however, when the monsoon rains disappear, this ancient civilization also disappeared. The study also showed that reduced rainfall weakens rivers, while river water plays a decisive role in the survival of Harappan culture - a group of people who make up 10% of the world's population. ancient, creating the brilliant development of Indus civilization. The Indus civilization has mysteriously disappeared about 4,500 years ago. For the first time, scientists discovered that climate change is the cause of the collapse of this famous ancient city.

Going back to the discoveries of the Indus civilization, according to archaeologists affirmed that the Mohenjo - Daro ruins are considered a mystery because no real civilization can exist in the Indus valley 4,500 years ago. year by this site. This site is a true mystery according to archaeologists and they claim that before the discovery of the Mohenjo - Daro ruins, no real civilization could exist in the Indus valley 4,500 years ago. . Since 1921, a series of discoveries including the town of Harappa and Mohenjo - Daro have yielded evidence of an unknown civilization. The civilization in the Indus valley created a series of unencrypted and clearly written scripts that marked the formation of Indian culture. But the mystery is the waste of towns and the disappearance of that civilization. In 1921, excavations began at Harappa. Archaeologists dig the traces of the big town. In 1922, while searching for a Buddhist temple, an Indian archaeologist unearthed the 640km Harappa trail of a primitive civilization. So a town was emerged from the underground: Mohenjo - Daro, "the valley of the dead". It has always been a goal of search and controversy. But what is civilization hidden so long in the dark?

The remaining ruins of Mohenjo - Daro which are considered to symbolize the development of Indus civilization.(Documentary photo).

Discover the magic from Indus civilization

Archaeologists have cited that, imagine a people living on a vast territory. This ethnic group speaks an unknown language and has not been deciphered with writing. Those civilized people built a big city divided into neighborhoods in a logic that we don't understand. Indeed, people have not found a palace or a temple. The first inhabitants of the Indus valley began to build villages from 7,000 BC (CN).

Then from 3,200 years to 1,800 years ago, big cities appeared. The massive walls around Harappa rose around 2,700 years to 2,600 years ago. At first, scientists thought that the Indus civilization was made up of tribes from Mesopotamia. But excavations show that the people have unique characteristics. Currently there is no new clue, so theoretically, the oldest civilization in India was born on the banks of the Indus River. After discovering Mohenjo - Daro, many other ancient towns were also excavated like Dholavira or Ganweriwala. Clearly, this is a people with many traders. Everything shows that they have no military advantage, peaceful temperament and very strong culture. People make many theories about their social and religious culture. It is not like the Egyptian civilization with sudden technological advances, which progresses gradually.

Simulation map of where the Indus civilization once existed.

After 100 years of research, people began to better understand the evolution of that civilization.Indus civilization has gone through many periods : From 8,000 to 5,000 BC: Metallurgical techniques spread throughout Eurasia. Agriculture and trade bring prosperity. The villages intersect and become TP. From 4,000 to 2,600 BC: Archaeologists talk about a "rational period". Areas in the Indus delta began to bear a specific cultural identity. At that time, a new form of urban appearance appeared. The residential areas are divided into two areas. It is possible that areas are reserved for different social classes.

From 2,600 to 1,900 before the sun: that was the "integration period". At this stage, regional cultures merge into a great civilization. Every city scattered in a 1,000km radius uses the same writing and presses millions. They decorated the jar with the same motifs, using the same weights. Such a unified process on a large territory is difficult to understand. From 1900 to 1,600 years before the sun: it was "period of residence". In about two centuries, cities were gradually abandoned, the writing was forgotten and many techniques were shelved.

The most incredible feature of Harappa city is the complexity of the city . Those cities spread over a perimeter of 100 to 200 hectares. Mohenjo - Daro is beautifully designed. One can compare it with the big cities in America. Moreover, archaeologists gave the town the nickname "Manhattan worship". Indeed, one can see 12 large roads running straight through the town from north to south, cut from east to west by smaller roads, forming houses. This reminds people of New York City's lottery images. Roads are paved and there are massive administrative centers. There are small blocks of brick houses with private bathrooms and sewers.

In the center of Mohenjo - Daro, there is a large citadel with festive and office rooms. Recently, people built public baths. Mohenjo - Daro also has a swimming pool of 12m long, 7m wide, and 2.40m deep. It is thought that it was reserved for ritual rituals because there are still ritual baths in Hinduism. Roads have shops along the sides. Inside the houses there is a well, sometimes with a bathroom with a water tank for the shower. Since there are no water pipes, of course, these houses have no water supply system. In return, there is a system of conducting wastewater with clay pipes. These pipes focus on removable drains at intersections, convenient for maintenance. This people has very high order and hygiene awareness. In the ruins of Mehrgarh, archaeologists have found something like our public landfills. There is waste of leather making, copper making, shellfish, .

At Harappa and Mohenjo - Dara, there are two strange architectures with a chair divided into several blocks, perhaps to support the wooden building. At first, people might think of rice warehouses, but then they are still a mystery. Mohenjo -Dara and Harapppa are the main capitals, but there are still at least 3 other cities that are equally important.After the Indus civilization collapsed, new cultures formed in the region showed its influence spread with varying degrees. Perhaps there was a part of the inhabitants to the East, to the Ganges Delta (Gange River). What has disappeared is not a nation but a civilization: Cities, writing systems, commercial networks and ultimately culture, the basis of wisdom. Anyway, this civilization has made a mark for India. Many aspects of India today have come from that.