Vegetable production technology does not need soil

Currently in cities, especially Hanoi capital, the land fund for agricultural production in general and vegetable production in particular is increasingly narrowed, while the demand for green vegetables is increasing in both quantity and quantity. and vegetable quality.

Safe vegetables are a topical issue, an urgent need of people. How to have green vegetables really safe? Facing the above situation, Hanoi Department of Science and Technology in collaboration with the Fruit Research Institute has researched and applied vegetable production technology without soil. By this technology, vegetables grow well, vegetable productivity increases 1.5 times compared to production on the land, shortens the growth time of 5-7 days / crop, ensures food safety and hygiene, increase the coefficient of land use from 3-5 times. In particular, this technology produces safe vegetables in contaminated areas, balconies, terraces .; The cost is not too big.

There are two forms of landless vegetable production: Vegetable production in solution and vegetable production on organic substrates. Depending on specific conditions, industrial scale or family size applies.

Vegetable production does not need industrial scale land:

1. Producing vegetables in circulating solution (circulating hydroponic)

Nutrient solution (mother solution) to produce vegetables for sale at some facilities: Fruit Research Institute, Hanoi University of Agriculture, Song Danh fertilizer company . Vegetables produced in fruit Major epidemics are: Leafy vegetables, lettuce, spinach, amaranth, spinach, celery .

Step 1: Prepare equipment

Equipment for vegetable production in the circulating solution includes: Iron price for placing plastic pipes: The iron price is firmly welded, about 70-80cm high, sloping towards the recovery tank (storage tank).

- Plastic tanks containing nutrient solution, volume 2 - 3m3 (tank level). - Recovery tank of solution, equivalent volume of tank level.
- Liquid conduit: Use 11cm diameter water pipe, 15 - 20m long. The hole 5 - 6cm on the pipe to put the gabion into it.
- Plastic gablets nursery seedlings and support plants during growth and development.
- Nursery seedlings.
- Nutrient solution: Mix 1.0 liter solution A and 1.0 liter solution B in 1m3 water.
- 2-way water pump.

The above system is placed in the insect isolation net and restricts unfavorable environmental conditions.

Step 2: Nursing seedlings

Put the container in a plastic basket, water it with enough moisture and sow seeds, water once or twice a day (depending on weather conditions). After 4 - 6 days of growing plants, continue to water the growth plants once or twice a day. When the plant has 3-4 real leaves (with white roots stabbing out), put the gabion on the solution ducts.

Step 3: Take care of the tree

The solution is fed into the feed tank, flowing through the duct and feeding system. When the solution in the shallow tank, two-way pump again pushes the solution back from the tank to the feed tank. Just like that, the fluid circulates.

Periodically supplementing nutrition: In a case of lettuce, broccoli and celery production, nutritional supplements must be taken 3 times: 10 days, 15 days and 20 days after the plants are put into solution, with a quantity of 0.5 liters. mother translation in 2m3 of tree planting solution. 10 days before harvest, no nutritional supplements. Thus, with vegetables and lettuce plants only need to supplement nutrition twice. For morning glory, after putting the gabion into the non-nutrient solution, only after the first harvest, do nutritional supplements. Just like that, just add nutrients after each harvest.

Regularly remove grass for plants.

Step 4: Harvest

Cu su Hao (Photo: Kyagr.com)

- With leaf-eating vegetables: Harvest after putting gabions on the circulating hydroponic system for 20 - 25 days.
- With lettuce: Harvest after putting the gabion on the hydroponic system of 25-30 days circulation.
- With celery: Harvest after putting gabions on the system of hydroponic circulation for 25 - 30 days.
- With morning glory: 7 - 10 days of picking 1 litter. Just like that, lasts 4-5 months.
- Finish harvesting the pipes, tanks and replace the solution to grow other vegetables or grow new ones.

2. Vegetable production on an industrial scale

Organic substrates for the production of safe vegetables are available at a number of facilities: the Fruit Research Institute, the Center for Research and Application of Agrochemical Products . This system produces all kinds of vegetables. However, they often produce long-term vegetables such as kohlrabi, sulphus, cabbage, short-legged beans .

Step 1: Prepare equipment

- Iron price system: The iron prices are welded with A-shaped; 1.5 - 1.6 m high. On welded iron rack 5 rows of iron support plastic fishbone shaped trough, 35cm apart.
- Plastic trough system: Use plastic pipes for drainage, 14 cm in diameter, cut 1/3 of the pipe circumference, forming plastic trough.
- Drip irrigation system: Small plastic pipes with a diameter of 1.5 cm; In plastic tubes with small holes, the distance corresponds to the distance of the tree (30 cm).
- Tank of 2 - 3m3 water and water tank rack. The water tank must be set higher than the 0.5 - 1m iron price system.
- Water pumps.
- Organic base.

The above system is placed in the insect isolation net and restricts unfavorable environmental conditions.

Step 2: Nursing seedlings

For leafy vegetables, spice vegetables and dwarf mung beans: Sow straight on the substrate, not through the seedling stage.

For some vegetables such as cabbage, kohlrabi, sulphate seeded into the tray with a high density, when the seedlings get 3-4 real leaves (after sowing 20-25 days), they need to be planted in the troughs. prices can.

Step 3: Plant and care for vegetables

Fill the container with plastic trays, drip irrigation system is placed on the surface of the substrate. Short-term vegetables (all kinds of leafy vegetables, lettuce .) are sown directly on the substrate and then covered with a thin layer of substrate. No need to fertilize or fertilize until harvest. Long-term vegetables (kohlrabi, sulphus, corn .), after being removed from the nursery, must be planted immediately. The planting distance corresponds to the distance of the holes in the drip irrigation tube. After planting for 30 days, add NPK to plants with 10kg of urea + 20kg of superphosphate + 10kg of potassium / 1000m2 (based on the area of ​​the iron price).

For dwarf pea plants, the seeding interval also corresponds to the distance of the holes in the drip irrigation tube. When flowering plants also apply NPK as a long-term vegetable plant.

Control drip irrigation system to run water evenly on plastic troughs. Just like that, don't water until harvest.

Regularly remove grass for plants.

Step 4: Collect

For vegetables that are short of harvest after sowing 25-30 days. For long-term vegetables, harvest after planting 50-60 days (depending on type). After harvesting, add nutrients to the substrate with bio-organic fertilizers with a quantity of 500 kg / 1,000 m2 (calculated on the area of ​​the ground where iron prices are set).

A vegetable does not cultivate continuously for 2 seasons, and rotates to avoid pests and diseases. It is possible to rotate according to the following formulas:

- Dwarf mung bean (1 servant) - Kohlrabi, cabbage, sunflower (1 item) - Flower, coriander, cumin, celery, lettuce (1-2 crops) - Leafy vegetables (1-2 crops) ) - Dwarf mung bean (1 piece). Just like that turn around in the year.

- Kohlrabi, cabbage, cauliflower (1 season) - Lettuce, spice vegetables of all kinds (1 - 2 crops) - Leafy vegetables (1 - 2 crops) - Peanut mung beans - Moi, cabbage , sulph. Just like that turn around in the year.