Choose to successfully create dozens of new plant varieties

Implementing the policy of innovation in scientific and technological research activities in the past two years, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS) has initially overcome the uniqueness and overlap in scientific and public activities. Technology (Science and Technology) to implement a large amount of scientific and technological topics and tasks, including an important field of creating high-yield and high-quality plant varieties.

Create some valuable plant varieties

Prof. Dr. Tran Duy Quy, Deputy Director of VAAS told us: It is impossible to carry out hundreds of topics and tasks at the grassroots level every year, the staff of VAAS implements from 30 to 40 topics, State-level program, more than 100 ministerial-level projects and tasks on basic research on plant variety programs, plant protection, science and technology for development in the Northwest region, Central Highlands, international cooperation under the Protocol .

Particularly, the institute has selected and created nearly 20 pure rice varieties (seven officially recognized varieties, more than 10 varieties of transitory plants). Significantly, there are mutant Khang dan rice varieties from Khang dan 18 rice variety by Gam-ma irradiation method of Conban 60 source according to the projection dose of 15,25 and 35 kr.

Evaluation of protein content in rice paddy at Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences.(Photo: ND)

DT38 rice variety tested in the localities of Ha Tay, Bac Ninh, Hai Duong, Nam Dinh, Vinh Phuc, Thanh Hoa, from the spring crop and the 2005 season to the 2007 crop showed that this rice variety is resistant to silver. leaves, sheaths and brown plant hoppers are higher than the original, while the yield is higher than normal Khang dan rice. Therefore, in 2007 DT38 was recognized as a National Seed. X26 variety (94-30) growing time 130 - 135 days in spring season, 110-115 days in summer, good quality rice, soft rice, good resistance to bacterial blight in the crop, and quite cold tolerant in the flowering period, X26 rice variety (94-30) yielded (control with Khang dan 18) an average increase of more than 2 quintals / ha. Currently grown in Thai Binh, Hai Duong, Ha Tay and some North Central provinces.

Hybrid rice varieties are not much, but over the past few years, VAAS has successfully implemented HYT92 and HYT100 varieties. These two hybrid rice varieties have a moderate growth period, good rice seeds, soft rice and a light fragrance; Average productivity reaches 75-80 quintals / ha. Hybrid rice varieties HYT92 and HYT100 are suitable on the low-lying ground of the localities of Ha Nam, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh and Ha Tay. However, these two rice varieties are mildly susceptible to sheath blight, blight and blast.

In the past years, the program of developing hybrid maize varieties has obtained some encouraging results, but the actual production shows that the country's corn productivity is still low, the production cost is still high, the output has not been met. To meet the demand of domestic consumption . Inheriting and developing achievements of the 2001-2005 period, since 2006, the collective of the staff of the Research Institute of Corn has implemented and implemented the project: " Research, select and create High-yielding, high-quality hybrid maize varieties suitable for ecological regions ". By methods of creating self-control, pollination, inbreeding, anther culture . and through testing in Dan Phuong (Ha Tay), Lac Thuy (Hoa Binh), Nghe An, Phu Tho, determined Some promising corn varieties for the northern provinces are LVN14, LVN15, LVN18, LVN37, LVN885; while LVN61 variety is suitable for climatic and soil conditions in the Central Highlands and Southeast. These single hybrid maize varieties have a short and medium growth period, resistance to drought and major diseases; gives a high productivity .

Over the past time, agricultural science staff has also made some technical advances in fruit trees. From 2004 onwards, nine new varieties of fruit trees, including three early ripe varieties, three varieties of late ripe longan, a variety of pepper bananas and a recognized green mango variety. In particular, late-ripening longan varieties (harvesting time from August 25 to September 15) is less than one month late than the nine major varieties; For high productivity, good quality and of course economic efficiency is 1.5 to 2 times higher than the main varieties of ripe .

There are still many shortcomings to be solved

Scientific and technological potentials are constantly being supplemented on the basis of consolidation and development of member units, VAAS is a quite complete research organization on plant science, from genetic and public resource conservation. Biotechnology, choose to breed to technical issues. Science and technology, after 20 years of renovation, really contribute effectively to fundamentally change the status of plants and animals; thereby improving the competitiveness of many major commodity agricultural products.

However, seriously, the field of agricultural science is still limited and inadequate. The conspicuous thing is that every year, the results are recognized as scientific and technical advances quite a lot, but the number put into application in production life is still small, especially the research and selection of hybrid rice varieties. There are still many difficulties, so each year the State still has to spend a large amount of foreign currency to import foreign rice varieties.

In recent years, the technical advances in the group of industrial crops and fruit trees have gradually improved but the varieties are still poor, the quality is not high, so the fruits of China and Thailand are still full year round. Internal Market; low cost, long-term preservation, but strict, eat and eat but often worry about the quality of food hygiene and safety. There is still a situation of many topics and projects in the stage of selection and appraisal in grassroots and formal units, so in the process of implementation, there are difficulties; Limited quality, weak. The cooperation and association in the research and transfer of science and technology into the production of life among groups and member units has improved compared to the previous one, but most of them only stop at the aspects of single retail, or cooperating in a " coercive " way due to administrative pressure but there are no scale issues of strategic importance.

Even the decentralization of management of science and technology activities between VAAS and the managing ministry, as well as the autonomy role of VAAS in the orientation of research and financial management for member units, there are still inconsistencies. reason to remove.

Overcoming the shortcomings and shortcomings as mentioned before, it is expected to implement and implement effectively and quality seven groups of issues in the coming time such as PGS, Dr. Nguyen Van Bo, Director of VAAS. This is the work of selecting and creating plant varieties, exploiting indigenous advantages (such as famous products: Tam Aromatic rice, Nang Huong, Phuc Trach pomelo, Doan Hung, Thanh Ha thieu litchi, Hung Yen longan . ); solving environmental problems, preventing natural disasters and epidemics; focus more on intensive farming system, increase crops by new varieties of plants and animals and new technical processes .

NGUYEN KHOI