How to prevent rice seed disease for high efficiency?

Rice grain leprosy is now popular in rice growing areas in our country, tends to increase in area and extent of harm; Every season, every leg of the field has disease, there is no rice variety that can withstand the disease.

What is the grain of rice

Lem seed rice is the name for the general phenomenon of rice grain with dark rice husk from brown to black; from black speckled to black whole rice husk; including on rice grains with rice and paddy rice without rice at the stage of rice in the field before harvest.

Pathogen

According to the results of research investigations by the Plant Protection Institute (1995); Southern Plant Protection Center (1997); The Mekong Delta Rice Institute (2000) combined with overseas documents can identify many causes.

* Because the gibberish spiders often live in the leaf sheaths when the high density they can crawl on the cotton pad are sucking on the growing rice fields, the damaged rice plants often grow vertically and most of the seeds are flat.

* Because Pseudomonas glumae (new name Bukhoderia glumae) causes black rotting of seeds or causes disease on seed skin.

* Because mushrooms are mainly: Alternaria padwickii, oryzae Bipolaris, Fusarium sp, Curvularia lunata, Microdochium oryzae, Phoma sp, Pyricularia oryzae, Sarocladium oryzae, Septoria sp, Tilletia barclayana, Ustilagonoides virens.

Generation and harm

The period of rice susceptibility to disease is from flowering to ripening and falling in months with low temperature, high air humidity, heavy rainfall and heavy rainy days.

* Lem seed grain affects the yield and quality of rice grain and harms the next crop.

General preventive measures

* Breed: Seeding with little pathogens or using rice seeds with absolute certainty of not taking seeds in the field of the previous crop is severely stagnant to sow again. Before soaking and soaking, dry and clean to remove the suspended particles, discolored.

* Season: Rice cultivation in the appropriate period so that when the rice crop does not coincide with the period of heavy rain and wind; when rice is wet - not to let the field dry.

* Fertilizer: Fully fertilizing and balancing depending on rice varieties, soil conditions and seasons of each region. It is possible to apply the method of fertilizing according to the color of rice leaves based on color chart or fertilizing according to the technique " No day, No number ".

* Pests and diseases: Good control of pests and diseases that arise in the early stage - it will reduce seedy disease.

* Weeds: Host weeds of many fungi that cause disease on leaves and grain of rice. Need to prevent grass in the field as well as on the field.

Chemical measures

Things to keep in mind to use highly effective chemical drugs:

* Processing seeds before sowing:

- This is the most effective and economical measure that we often don't pay attention to.

- Mix Benomyl active substance (Viben 50BTN), Carben dazim (Vicarben 50HP) concentration 3 ‰ for dried seed rice seeds to be washed and soaked in 24 - 36 hours and removed and washed with water then normal incubation.

- Treating seeds to help prevent diseases other than seedy diseases, including other diseases such as rice vines, leaf blight, early ripe yellow leaves, .

* Choose medicine and spray room as main:

* Should choose broad-spectrum fungicides for spraying such as: Vicarben 50HP (Carbendazim active ingredient), Vivil 5SC (Hexaconazole active ingredient), Vixazol 275SC (Carbendazim + Hexaconazole active ingredient), Vitin-New 250EC (Propiconazole active substance), Viroval 50BTN (Iprodione active ingredient), Workup 9SL (Metconazole active ingredient). The dosage of the above drugs is indicated on the packaging label.

* The time of spraying is very important. It is advisable to spray the room if the disease has penetrated into the rice grain, it is very difficult to have good results. Spray twice in the period when rice starts to bloom and flow evenly to limit the growth of fungi on the rice seed husk. Note that if spraying is late when rice is in or out of milk, the potency is not high. Spraying on this floating period also prevents other diseases such as sheath blight, early ripe yellow leaves, cotton blast, sheath blight.

I hope that the above understandings will help farmers to prevent the disease of paddy and rice seeds to have good harvests.