There are more than 3000 substances in urine

After more than seven years of research, scientists from the University of Alberta discovered 3,079 substances in urine. In it, 72 substances were made from bacteria, 1,453 compounds were from urine, 2,282 were from diet, medicine, cosmetics or from the environment.

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'Urine is an extremely complex biological fluid,' said Professor David Wishart. The full list of urine compounds is recorded in an online database called metabolomme database .

It is difficult to fully determine the composition and properties of substances in urine. Like other biological wastes, urine usually contains products of decomposition and metabolism of food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, environmental pollutants, metabolites caused by bacteria. .

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Compared with body fluids such as saliva or cerebrospinal fluid, the number of compounds in urine is 10 times greater and more diverse in type. Compounds found in urine belong to about 230 different types.

Meanwhile 'all substances in the human body belong to about 356 types. This demonstrates the chemical composition of urine , 'the researchers said.

In this study, they found 480 compounds in the urine but not in the blood, contrary to the long-held view that all the substances in urine are in the blood.

To determine the chemical composition of urine, the researchers used a variety of techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, spectroscopy, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography. They analyzed urine samples from 22 healthy people and looked up urine literature for more than 100 years.

The chemical composition of urine is always concerned by doctors, nutritionists and environmental researchers because through analysis it can tell us about health information, information about foods one by one. people who used and what kind of chemicals were contaminated from the environment.

Professor Wishart said that there will be other chemical components in urine discovered and added to the database.