How to know when someone lied

When someone is acting suspiciously in public places, how can law enforcement officials determine whether: is he illegal?

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The ability of law enforcement officials to detect deception plays a very important role, to ensure public safety, especially in the context of increasing new terrorist threats in the United States, after the death of Osama bin Laden.

Psychology professor Edward R. Geiselman, who works at UCLA University, USA, has been studying these issues for years and has instructed investigating, interviewing, and detective techniques. Bureau of Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI, Department of Homeland Security, Marines, police in Los Angeles and police chiefs in departments, and many other international agencies.

Psychology professor Edward R. Geiselman and three students from UCLA, USA, include: Sandra Elmgren, Chris Green and Ida Rystad - conducted an analysis of about 60 studies to detect deception done before and also conducted initial research on this topic. They presented the results of the study and instructed how to implement an effective training program in detecting a lie, in the American Journal of Psychiatry Forensics, issue of the week. 2 of May 2011 .

Psychology professor Edward R. Geiselman, works at UCLA University, USA

Geiselman and colleagues identified nine details of the red flag to help criminal investigators easily recognize that a person is lying . Reliable details help expose deception, Geiselman said, 9 details of red flags include:

1. When asked, liars often want to say as little as possible. At first, Geiselman thought that the liars would be polished to build a story, but most of them only provided the framework of the story. Research with University students, as well as with prisoners, also shows this. Geiselman's investigation and interview techniques are designed to force people to talk.

2. Although the deceiver does not like to talk much, they tend to give themselves a little information to justify what they are saying, to avoid being prompted or twisted.

3. Liars tend to repeat the question before they answer, maybe they want to take the time to remix an answer.

4. People who lie often follow the listener's reaction to what they are saying. "They try to understand you to see if you believe their story," Geiselman said.

5. Liars often speak slowly at the beginning of their speech, because they need time to create their stories and observe your reaction, and when they have a story of I, they " will spew faster ," Geiselman said. Honest people will not feel uncomfortable when they speak slowly, but all liars often think: slowing down their speech will make people doubt . "Honest people will not change significantly. Their speech speed in a single sentence , "he said.

6. Liars tend to reuse sentences more frequently than honest, regular people, they will start an answer by: Backing up and not completing sentences.

7. They often stomp their lips when asked a sensitive question and are more likely to stroke their hair or engage in " grooming " behavior. They often point their fingers at me to show me, this is also a sign of deception; while looking outwardly, they are very calm.

8. Honest people, if challenged, distorted about the story details, they often deny that they are lying and explaining more, while the deceivers will generally not provide specific details. than.

9. When asked a difficult question, honest people will often watch, review, because the question of this type requires high concentration, while dishonest people will find the answer only In a short time, if dishonest people try to use masks as normal reactions to lies, they will talk more clearly, Geiselman said. Among the techniques taught by Psychology Professor Edward R. Geiselman, to allow detectives to uncover truths from liars are:

- Some people tell their stories paradoxically, starting from the end of the story back to the beginning, following a true system. Investigators should instruct them to follow the story circuit in the full and detailed way possible. This technique, which is part of a " cognitive-related interview " developed by Professor Geiselman and Ronald Fisher, was formerly a psychologist working at UCLA, and now is Working at Florida International University, the United States " increased cognitive pressure to make liars visible ." A scammer, even a " professional liar ," is " always under pressure to perceive " such as when a liar while trying to make his story reasonable, while watching your reaction.

- Ask open questions to get them to provide as much detail and information as possible (" Can you tell me more about .?" "Tell me exactly . "). First ask the general question, and then ask more specific questions.

- Do not interrupt, let them talk and use silence techniques, stop while talking, to encourage them to talk. If someone is in another public place, having suspicious behavior and when you approach the audience, you just need to ask the subject to answer a few questions: for the purpose of assessing whether the object is reliable person or a liar. If the object shows only 1 or 2 red flags, you can let them go.

Professor Geiselman tested the technique of extracting facts from the lies against hundreds of UCLA students, USA and in these studies, he and his co-authors analyzed the data related to thousands of people.

Detecting lies is a difficult task, Geiselman said, however, the lie detection skills training program offers enormous benefits. The program needs to be expanded: the next stage should show students the situations through the videos, and the next stage: can both train through short videos and simulate interviews. , investigation is real. Training should be conducted for several days with each stage taking place for 1 or 2 weeks.

" People can learn better techniques to detect liars ," Geiselman said. " However, the police department often does not provide more than one day of training for their detectives, if any, and this study shows that, you really cannot learn a lot of techniques in just one day. . "

When Geiselman conducted training with the maritime investigators, he found that they were truly gifted, impressed by the fact that they discovered liars even before the training began. In contrast, the average college student rate is only 53% and with shortened training, " we often make the situation worse ," he said.

" Without training, many people think that they can detect deception, but their perceptions are often unrelated to their practical ability. Inadequate training often leads to false analysis. situations and lead to reverse efficiency in work . "

Professor Geiselman is currently developing a training program that he hopes will be highly effective in learning and will therefore replicate this teaching model.

The cognitive-related interviews developed by Geiselman and Fisher work well for both: criminal suspects and witnesses. Professor Geiselman thinks these techniques work well in: situations where suspects don't commit crimes, but say additional research should be done in this area.

In 2012, Professor Geiselman planned to teach police detectives under the US Department of Homeland Security: investigative techniques, interviews and lie detectors.

Later this month, Geiselman will travel to Hong Kong to participate in an investigation training program, interviewing the Independent Anti-Corruption Committee.

A course on investigating and interviewing soldiers before participating in the Iraq war, thanks to the awareness-related interview techniques used, helping to prevent some insurgency activities in Iraq. , in order to save many lives, Geiselman announced.

Geiselman also worked with police in Los Angeles on effective techniques for interviewing children, when they may have been sexually abused and helped interview victims and criminals for the departments. Police across the country in cases of serious murder cases. His research was funded by the US Department of Justice and the US Department of Homeland Security.