On January 2 , 1959 , the Russian Luna-1 Automatic Station for the first time in History flew towards the Moon. That same year, Luna-2 station landed on the Moon and a month later, Luna-3 was sent to Earth, but the picture on the Moon was obscured if viewed from Earth. Because the Moon rotates around the Earth just as well as the time it spins around its axis, its other side is completely in the dark.
When reading the photos sent, it was found that the ' dark ' part was completely different from the visible part, there was absolutely no ' sea ' (ie the basins on the surface of the Moon and no water but only ' continents '). ).
In the "return to the Moon" journey, Americans will land on the dark part of the moon. (Illustration).
In May 1961 , after Iuri Gagarin 's flight into space, then US President John Kennedy announced to Congress that " the main mission of the US in the next 10 years should be to bring people to the Moon " and NASA. spent a big budget for the implementation.
During the period when the United States actively prepared a manned spacecraft to do this, in 1966, the Soviet Union launched Luna-9 again and landed gently on the Moon and sent it to the panoramic Earth to capture the landing zone from altitude. 1 meter, can see very detailed to 1mm.
On December 21 , 1968 , from the Space Center at Cape Canaveral named Kennedy , the United States launched the Apollo-8 manned under the command of Frank Borman and two more astronauts circling the Moon and six days later. wings down to the Pacific Ocean.
Armstrong from Apollo-11 stepped down to the moon.
On July 21, 1969, the United States made an unprecedented accomplishment, and the Apollo-11 landed safely on the Moon. For the first time, the human foot had placed the nearest satellite of me Neil Armstrong was the first person to step down to the Moon, who recorded the American photos published as Edwin Oldrin.
My astronauts took many pictures of the Moon's surface and brought about 22kg of Moon rock form around the 30m landing zone. They returned to Earth, landing at the sea in the island of Hawaii. Health checks show that they have no injuries at all. There are no microorganisms or a trace of life on the soil samples.
In 2008 another American satellite, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter , also photographed the Moon's surface on which NASA experts redrawed its detailed version.
The future flight of American astronauts directs the ship to the ' Lagrange point' which is the gravitational impact of both the Earth and the Moon and then moves in sync with the Moon.
To prepare for the flight, from 2011, the United States will begin to design heavy-duty missiles and space astronauts to land on the moon in 6 months, and in 2013 experts will make special suits so they can work long on the Moon.
The ship will orbit around L2 (ie ' Lagrange point ') at high altitude compared to the Moon at 64,000km, allowing astronauts to continuously monitor what happens in the dark areas of the Moon. At the same time, he also devoted some tasks to studying the Earth.
It is proposed that the ship will fly in the Moon's orbit for about 2 weeks. During that time, astronauts will study the surface of the Moon thanks to Lunokhod self-propelled vehicles controlled by astronauts.
The exploration process is also an opportunity to evaluate the technical features of the Orion spacecraft designed and manufactured by Lockheed Martin. According to preliminary estimates, the cost of a program called ' Return to the Moon ' will amount to 100 billion dollars.